Writing
Blog
Notes on building AI systems, cloud architecture, and the engineering decisions worth writing about.
RAG for Software Engineers: Beyond the Basics
Most RAG tutorials stop at chunk-embed-retrieve. Here is what the production gap actually looks like and how to close it.
MCP vs Tool Use vs LangChain: What to Actually Use
Three approaches to giving LLMs access to external capabilities. Here is when to use each one and why the choice matters more than most people think.
Why I Built ai-chat-toolkit (and What I Learned)
After integrating three different LLM providers across two products, I got tired of rewriting the same patterns. Here is what I built and what the experience taught me about production AI systems.
Published elsewhere
Writing I've done for other platforms
From LLMs to LangChain: Understanding How Modern AI Applications Actually Work
A deep dive into how LLMs integrate with external systems — covering tools, MCP, and LangChain orchestration, with working Node.js examples from basic API calls to multi-step AI workflows.
I Thought LangChain Was Just Another LLM Wrapper — I Was Wrong
LangChain is not merely an LLM wrapper — it's an orchestration platform that connects language models with tools, data, and workflows, enabling multi-step applications that go far beyond simple chat.
How I Built an Embeddable AI Chat Toolkit — and Open Sourced It
The story behind building an open-source AI Chat Toolkit — a Web Components frontend widget paired with a backend server — that lets you add an AI assistant to any web app in minutes.
How to Simplify Your App's Authentication by Using JSON Web Token
A step-by-step guide to implementing token-based authentication in Node.js using JWTs — covering structure, advantages, and working code examples for a secure auth system.
How to Build Your Own Real-Time Chat App
Build a real-time chat application from scratch using the MEAN stack and Socket.io — complete server and client setup with working code for bi-directional communication.
Days at FSMK Summer Camp 2016
A personal recount of volunteering at FSMK's 5th summer camp, teaching web backend development with Python, Flask, and MongoDB over seven days.
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Occasional notes on AI systems, cloud architecture, and software engineering. No noise.